Hello up there. This merge-request brings in major update to ors-amarisoft
software release: first eNB is significantly restructured to prepare base for
further changes, and then we add support for working with multiple radio units
and multiple cells with all LTE/NR and FDD/TDD simultaneously. All kinds of
Carrier Aggregation - LTE+LTE, NR+NR and LTE+NR are now supported. All kinds of
Handover - Intra-ENB, Inter-ENB with LTE→NR and NR→LTE are now supported as
well. UE simulator is also updated to support multiple radio units, cells and
UEs. In the new system configuration of RU, CELL, PEERCELL, PEER and UE objects
are done via shared instances attached to the main eNB or UEsim instance.

Most of the parameters become runtime settings instead of being static choice
of particular software template. There is no longer multiple rendered
softwares - all that remain is

1. `software.cfg` for generic software, and
2. `software-ors.cfg` for ORS.

Switching to configuring things at runtime became possible because SlapOS Master
recently switched to new JSON-editor with support for `oneOf`, arrays and
conditionals - bits that make it possible to configure settings in the WEB UI
with multiple choices for e.g. RF mode, cell or radio unit type.

For ORS full backward compatibility is preserved via special proxy which
translates ORS input schema to configuration objects of the new generic eNB.
Since most our current ORS deployments are TDD, `software-tdd-ors.cfg` link to
`software-ors.cfg` is also provided to preserve backward compatibility at
software-release URL level for those instances.

eNB and gNB are merged along the way. Unittests are improved. JSON schemas
become primary source for defaults(*). Unnecessary parameters are removed and
are now computed automatically. For example it is no longer needed to
explicitly specify SSB NR-ARFCN for peer NR cell, or `txa0cc00_center_frequency`
for Lopcomm RU. `tx_gain` and `rx_gain` become generic parameters that
semantically apply uniformly to all Radio Units.

A protection against buildout code injection via specially-crafted references
of shared instances is installed. The problem was noticed because instantiation
was failing with spaces in the references - a condition that is present by
default on the testnodes. Solving the problem generally via custom "buildout
encoding" was not hard and probably the solution might be useful not only for
ors-amarisoft software release. Please see the patch `"Protect from buildout
code injection"` for details.

There are more minor enhancements and bug fixes in there.

Please see individual patches for details.

Kirill

/cc @jhuge, @lu.xu, @xavier_thompson, @Daetalus
/approved-by @tomo
/reviewed-on nexedi/slapos!1533

(*) this goes in line with similar design choice to make JSON schemas primary
    source of defaults in Rapid-CDN: nexedi/slapos!1380 .

To run tapsplit we use plone.recipe.command with both command and
update-command set to `tapsplit ...`. But tapsplit, when run, currently fully
recreates and reinitializes subtap interfaces, which leads to interfering with
running enb because subtap interfaces, that enb started to use, are removed.
This is not desirable behaviour.

What we need:

1) create subtap interfaces only once and keep them stable
2) until configuration changes which should lead to
   * subtaps recreated, and
   * enb restarted
3) if subtap interfaces disappear for any reason, recreate it

-> Rework tapsplit to keep its promise, that it "brings tap interface into state
   with several children interfaces each covering part of original interface
   address space", without recreating those children on every run and instead
   doing any action only if their state is not what is desired.

In other words those interfaces now are only created when they do not exist
before. Addresses and routes are added only if they are not there before
tapsplit is run, etc.

After the patch the first run of tapsplit to split by 2 looks like

    # ./pythonwitheggs ru/tapsplit slaptap16 2
    slaptap16: split 2401:5180:0:66:a200::/71 by 2
    preserve         2401:5180:0:66:a200::/73
    -> slaptap16-1   2401:5180:0:66:a280::/73
     # ip tuntap add dev slaptap16-1 mode tap user slapuser16
     # ip link set slaptap16-1 up
     # ip addr add 2401:5180:0:66:a280::/73 dev slaptap16-1 noprefixroute
     # ip route add 2401:5180:0:66:a280::1 dev slaptap16-1
     # ip route add 2401:5180:0:66:a280::/73 dev slaptap16-1 via 2401:5180:0:66:a280::1
    -> slaptap16-2   2401:5180:0:66:a300::/73
     # ip tuntap add dev slaptap16-2 mode tap user slapuser16
     # ip link set slaptap16-2 up
     # ip addr add 2401:5180:0:66:a300::/73 dev slaptap16-2 noprefixroute
     # ip route add 2401:5180:0:66:a300::1 dev slaptap16-2
     # ip route add 2401:5180:0:66:a300::/73 dev slaptap16-2 via 2401:5180:0:66:a300::1

The second run with the same arguments looks as

    # ./pythonwitheggs ru/tapsplit slaptap16 2
    slaptap16: split 2401:5180:0:66:a200::/71 by 2
    preserve         2401:5180:0:66:a200::/73
    -> slaptap16-1   2401:5180:0:66:a280::/73
     # slaptap16-1: already exists
     # slaptap16-1: already up
     # slaptap16-1: already has 2401:5180:0:66:a280::/73 addr
     # slaptap16-1: already has 2401:5180:0:66:a280::1 route
     # slaptap16-1: already has 2401:5180:0:66:a280::/73 route
    -> slaptap16-2   2401:5180:0:66:a300::/73
     # slaptap16-2: already exists
     # slaptap16-2: already up
     # slaptap16-2: already has 2401:5180:0:66:a300::/73 addr
     # slaptap16-2: already has 2401:5180:0:66:a300::1 route
     # slaptap16-2: already has 2401:5180:0:66:a300::/73 route

where it could be seen that no actions had been taken.

And if, for example, the user manipulates slaptap16-2 and manually sets it
down, the third run restores it to desired 'UP' state and readds the address
and routes because the kernel removed them when link went down:

    # ip -6 addr show dev slaptap16-2
    157: slaptap16-2: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state DOWN group default qlen 1000
        inet6 2401:5180:0:66:a300::/73 scope global tentative noprefixroute
           valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    # ip -6 route show dev slaptap16-2
    2401:5180:0:66:a300::1 metric 1024 linkdown pref medium
    2401:5180:0:66:a300::/73 via 2401:5180:0:66:a300::1 metric 1024 linkdown pref medium
    # ip link set slaptap16-2 down
    # ip -6 addr show dev slaptap16-2
    # ip -6 route show dev slaptap16-2
    # ./pythonwitheggs ru/tapsplit slaptap16 2
    slaptap16: split 2401:5180:0:66:a200::/71 by 2
    preserve         2401:5180:0:66:a200::/73
    -> slaptap16-1   2401:5180:0:66:a280::/73
     # slaptap16-1: already exists
     # slaptap16-1: already up
     # slaptap16-1: already has 2401:5180:0:66:a280::/73 addr
     # slaptap16-1: already has 2401:5180:0:66:a280::1 route
     # slaptap16-1: already has 2401:5180:0:66:a280::/73 route
    -> slaptap16-2   2401:5180:0:66:a300::/73
     # slaptap16-2: already exists
     # ip link set slaptap16-2 up
     # ip addr add 2401:5180:0:66:a300::/73 dev slaptap16-2 noprefixroute
     # ip route add 2401:5180:0:66:a300::1 dev slaptap16-2
     # ip route add 2401:5180:0:66:a300::/73 dev slaptap16-2 via 2401:5180:0:66:a300::1

The first version of this patch tried to solve the problem by setting
update-command to be noop instead of reworking tapsplit itself. But as Thomas
noted this does not satisfy requirement "3".

Amends 49ce8ef5 (software/ors-amarisoft: Provide dedicated TAP interface for each Radio Unit)

/helped-by @tomo
/cc @jhuge, @lu.xu, @xavier_thompson, @Daetalus
/reviewed-on nexedi/slapos!1508

 - use caucase for balancer certificate
 - move virtual host logic on the backend
 - change "frontend" parameter to request "" type (and no longer "zope")

See merge request nexedi/slapos!1504

The strategy for compatibility is that:
 - haproxy still listen on the same port as before, without rewrite rule.
   This is called "legacy" port.
 - for each frontend from request parameters, we introduce an haproxy
   frontend with a rewrite for the corresponding `internal-path`
   parameter.
 - the shared frontend instance is updated to use this new frontend
   entry from haproxy. This will cause a small downtime until the shared
   frontend is updated to the new URL on ERP5, but since this feature
   was not used, it's OK.

Technical details are that we:
 - split haproxy config to have frontends and backends.
 - introduce one frontend in haproxy for each frontend from request
   parameters.
 - routing-rule-list argument is still honored the same way, globally
   and after path from frontend.
 - change the shared frontend requests to use "" type, no longer "zope"
   type.
 - we don't do automatic detection of /VirtualHostRoot in URL but always
   add it, because it could be used to trick zope into thinking it
   serves requests for an arbitrary host and do open redirects
 - before using the request's host header in virtualhost path, we check
   that it does not contain /, to prevent injection of virutalhost path
   elements through the host header.
 - we don't use the "path" parameter from shared frontend, because we
   want the frontend to be simple, so we don't want it to rewrite the
   request path (which is also the reason why we deprecated "zope" type)
 - the tests have changed a lot, because they were using what's now the
   "legacy" URL types, so we updated it to use the new URL types with
   all the /VirtualHostRoot/../ in path and also because they use IPv6
   URL, no longer IPv4

and save the already allocated ports in a state file, so that requesting
new families does not change already allocated ports.

This reverts commit 620c9332 (stack/erp5: stop using caucase managed
certificate for balancer, 2020-11-10) with an updated design. We add a
caucase service for balancer in the balancer partition. The caucase
service from the root partition (that was not used) is removed.

The underlying idea is that the default configuration should use multiple
caucases with limited scope, here we have one caucase to manage the
certificate used by haproxy server in the balancer partition, so we put
one caucase to manage this certificate and the caucase is configured to
auto-accept one certificate only. The plan is that when we will add a
certificate for mariadb server, we'll add another caucase inside this
mariadb server.

For more advanced usage and also to support the cases where a new
certificate needs to be re-emitted for some reason, users can request
with an existing caucase URL. In that case, they will have to accept
the certificate requests.

Notable changes:

balancer/ssl/caucase-url is no longer documented in parameters, this is
an internal parameter, users can pass one global caucase service to
manage all partition

CAUCASE environment variable is no longer set when running zope. There
was no identified use case and with this new approach of multiple
caucases, the term "caucase" alone became ambiguous.

This is not documented in schema and has no effect in erp5 (but this is
still used for slapos-master)

This change the format or the (mostly) unused frontend parameter to
support requesting more than one frontend and also enable the request of
a frontend by default, so that requesting a frontend separately is no
longer needed.

The `frontend` parameter now also supports requesting frontends for
specific paths on the ERP5 backend, the example below requests a
frontend serving directly a web site, with the necessary rewrite rules:

```js
{
  "frontend": {
    "default": {
      "internal-path": "/erp5/web_site_module/renderjs_runner/"
    }
  }
}
```

The example below requests a default frontend to the erp5 root, to
access the ZMI or erp5_xhtml_style interface and two web sites:

```js
{
  "frontend": {
    "default": {},
    "erp5js": {
      "internal-path": "/erp5/web_site_module/renderjs_runner/"
    },
    "crm": {
      "internal-path": "/erp5/web_site_module/erp5_officejs_support_request_ui/"
    }
  }
}
```

The example below has an explicit definition of the zope families using
`zope-partition-dict` parameter, because there is more than one zope
family, no frontend is requested by default:

```js
{
  "zope-partition-dict": {
    "backoffice": {
      "family": "backoffice"
    },
    "web": {
      "family": "web"
    },
    "activities": {
      "family": "activities"
    }
  }
}
```

Continuing this example, to have frontends for backoffice and web
families, the frontend request can specify the families, like it is
demonstrated in the example below. In this example, we don't specify an
entry for "activities" family, so no frontend will be requested for
this family.

```js
{
  "frontend": {
    "backoffice": {
      "zope-family": "backoffice"
    },
    "web": {
      "zope-family": "web",
      "internal-path": "/erp5/web_site_module/web_site/"
    }
  }
  "zope-partition-dict": {
    "backoffice": {
      "family": "backoffice"
    },
    "web": {
      "family": "web"
    },
    "activities": {
      "family": "activities"
    }
  }
}
```

Going 0.140 -> 0.142 introduces the following changes:

    nexedi/slapos.toolbox@0.140...0.142

Test results: https://erp5js.nexedi.net/#/test_result_module/20240215-D4F3CE96 (all ok)

Typos, whitespace changes, etc...

Noticed accidentaly: ssb_pos_bitmap is string, not integer - the default should be of the same type.

Rework UEsim to be able to work with multiple cells, multiple radio units(*),
multiple UE all at the same time. RU, CELLs and UEs are now configured,
simiularly to eNB, via shared instances. Add tests.

Contrary to ORS don't care about backward compatibility here because currently
we have just a few UEsim deployments and migrating them should be easy.

Please see added schemas, tests and updates slapos-render-config on how to use
the new system.

(*) contrary to eNB UEsim does not allow to use one RU for two cells,

It should be already generally supported, but many parameters needs in NR case
are currently hardcoded to their TDD values. I've adjusted only a few of them
and stopped, becuase there is currently no practical case at hand for me to
test it. Still I think it makes sense to save this first step.

For ORS, who uses TDD, rendered config stays practically the same:

```
$ ./pythonwitheggs slapos-render-config.py && xdiff -C -C config/{old,out}/ors/
```

```diff
diff --git a/config/old/ors/gnb/enb.cfg b/config/out/ors/gnb/enb.cfg
index ead7f0160..9a260d73f 100644
--- a/config/old/ors/gnb/enb.cfg
+++ b/config/out/ors/gnb/enb.cfg
@@ -97,6 +97,7 @@

         prach: {
+          ra_response_window: 20,
         },

         pdcch: {
@@ -180,7 +181,6 @@
       preamble_received_target_power: -110,
       preamble_trans_max: 7,
       power_ramping_step: 4,
-      ra_response_window: 20,
       restricted_set_config: "unrestricted_set",
       ra_contention_resolution_timer: 64,
       ssb_per_prach_occasion: 1,
```

If a base station has multiple cells, it should be possible for UE to be handed
over from one cell into another, for example when UE crosses border of sectors.

So far we had only Inter-ENB HO and now we are also adding configuration for
HO in between all own cells.

Add tests for everything.

NOTE: we use allowed_meas_bandwidth, antenna_port_1 in dst=LTE case because
otherwise, e.g. for NR->LTE HO if they are not present, lteenb complains:

    enb.cfg:260: expecting 'allowed_meas_bandwidth' field
    enb.cfg:260: expecting 'antenna_port_1' field

for both Intra-ENB and Inter-ENB handovers.

For Intra-ENB case we can compute those numbers from cell definition. For
Inter-ENB case, when we don't know target context, we use conservative values.

We already had CA for LTE+LTE case. Let's also setup it for NR+NR and LTE+NR
cases as well. Add tests for everything.

Currently when setting up cells we allow users to input

- dl_earfcn for LTE, and
- dl_nr_arfcn and nr_band for NR

and from that lteenb automatically computes

- ul_earfcn for LTE, and
- ul_nr_arfcn and ssb_nr_arfcn for NR

everything kind of works out of the box for eNB case when there is simple SDR Radio Unit.

Then there are also the following cases:

1. we also need to set UL frequency when configuring Lopcomm RU, or any other ORAN-based Radio Unit.
2. we also need to specify DL/UL frequencies in MHz when configuring Lopcomm RU.
3. when configuring NR peercell it is required to set ssb_nr_arfcn. It is also
   required to set both dl_nr_arfcn and ul_nr_arfcn, and so far we were setting
   only DL one and using it for both assuming TDD band.
4. when configuring UEsim we need to specify both dl_nr_arfcn and ssb_nr_arfcn for NR cells.

So the problem is that even though lteenb automatically computes UL and SSB
frequencies, there is no way for us to reuse results of that computation for
scenarios outside of "simple enb" case.

As the result we kind of workaround that currently with exposing additional
parameters and asking users to look into enb, probably its `cell phy` output,
with the following:

     ---- 8< ---- (from UEsim)
     "ssb_nr_arfcn": {
       "title": "SSB NR ARFCN",
       "description": "SSB NR ARFCN, you can retrieve from ENB/GNB side",

or use additional parameters just for ul_earfcn and frequency-in-MHz:

     ---- 8< ---- (from ru/lopcomm)
     "txa0cc00_center_frequency": {
       "title": "Lopcomm ORAN DL Center Frequency in MHz (TXA0CC00)",
       "description": "Lopcomm ORAN Center Frequency in MHz (TXA0CC00)",
       "type": "number",
       "default": 2140
     },
     "rxa0cc00_center_frequency_earfcn": {
       "title": "Lopcomm ORAN UL Center Frequency EARFCN (RXA0CC00)",
       "description": "Lopcomm ORAN Center Frequency EARFCN (RXA0CC00)",
       "type": "number",
       "default": 18300
     },
     "rxa0cc00_center_frequency": {
       "title": "Lopcomm ORAN UL Center Frequency in MHz (RXA0CC00)",
       "description": "Lopcomm ORAN Center Frequency in MHz (RXA0CC00)",
       "type": "number",
       "default": 1950
     },

which prevents automation, opens the door for inconsistencies and puts the load
to resolve all that on users.

The root cause of the problem is that there is no way to access at
instantiation time what lteenb would compute internally. But DL<->UL conversion
and DL->SSB conversion is not a difficult task and we can do that on our own.

-> Do that here and solve all the problems listed above in one go.

For frequency computations we use my xlte.earfcn and xlte.nrarfcn modules and
upstream nrarfcn egg. For this xlte is updated(*) to primarily pick up

kirr/xlte@6cb9d37f
kirr/xlte@b8065120

and the rest of the conversion is in slaplte to use corresponding dl2ul and
dl2ssb routines.

For consistency ul_earfcn and ul_nr_arfcn now become input parameters for LTE
and NR cells, but optional. If they are absent - they are computed with
defaults, but a user can now control them explicitly. The same applies for
ssb_nr_arfcn.

This patch does not convert UEsim yet, because UEsim does not use rulib yet and
will be handled all in one go in a follow-up step.

The computation routines are thoroughly tested. First they have unit tests
inside XLTE itself, then we also update our tests in generic test/test.py here
with explicitly checking that correct numbers are emitted for UL and SSB
frequencies, and third I've also verified SSB computation results with respect
to https://tech-academy.amarisoft.com/OutOfBox_UEsim_SA.html#Tips_SSB_Frequency .

All this creates a base to be sure that the computations are correct and we are
indeed safe to switch our frequencies computation modules.

(*) full upgrade brings kirr/xlte@e716ab51...8e606c64 ;
    nrarfcn egg: https://pypi.org/project/nrarfcn/

So far in the unit tests we were only generating enb.cfg without semantically
processing as running lteenb is not possible on testnodes due to licensing
restrictions. That allowed to use arbitrary numbers, even invalid, for
frequencies without hitting an error.

However in the next patch we are going to start handling frequencies ourselves,
and invalid frequencies will lead to instantiation failures like

    ... in dl2ul(dl_earfcn)
    KeyError: 'no band that corresponds to DL EARFCN=325320'

Avoid that by switching to valid LTE and NR frequency numbers in the test.

Radio Units like Lopcomm ORAN require explicit activation for the radio.
Generalize this and introduce a generic parameter for explicit activation of
the radio on any RU. Default it to _INACTIVE_ so that radio happens only when
it is explicitly asked to be on for real. But preserve backward compatibility
for ORS which used to do "radio on" by default. disable_sdr becomes
ORS-specific parameter.

Lopcomm-specific txa0cc00_active and rxa0cc00_active go away and are replaced
by txrx_active usage.

I.e. apply not only to SDR but to all Radio Units and expecting that they apply
to them with the same uniform semantic of controlling Tx/Rx amplifiers on on
the RU.

- For SDR nothing is changed.
- For Lopcomm txa0cc00_gain goes away and is replaced by tx_gain. For rx_gain
  there is a question as I could not find offhand how to control aplifier on RX
  circuit there.
- For Sunwave tx_gain/rx_gain, as with lots of more(*) is TODO.

For example by publishing on RU the list of CELLs that are using it.

While at it and as we are introducing per-RU publication, fix a long-standing
TODO in ru/lopcomm to publish RU-specific information in per-RU way instead of
global.

Instead of publishing it on enb with prefixing by cell reference. It is more
logical to have cell input parameters on the cell instance and also have output
parameters about that cell published on that same instance.

For now it is all only what was input. But in the next patches we'll extend set
of published information with also computed things, so it won't remain trivial.

For example if we need to do 4T4R but have SDR boards with only 2T2R ports, we
need to combine two such boards into single RF port. Allow to do that via
changing SDR schema from taking sdr_dev into accepting sdr_dev_list and
adjusting the code everywhere correspondingly.

For ORS full backward compatibility is preserved via adjusting "ORS mode" proxy
correspondingly.

One example in slapos-render-config.py is changed from 2T2R to be 4T2R on such
RF port combined from two SDR boards. For that example the diff for rendered
enb.cfg is as follows:

    --- a/config/old/enb/iRU1_SDR_tLTE2_tNR/enb.cfg
    +++ b/config/out/enb/iRU1_SDR_tLTE2_tNR/enb.cfg
    @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
       rf_driver: {
           // __CELL__a__ru 4T2R  (sdr)
           name: "sdr",
    -      args: "dev0=/dev/sdr0",
    +      args: "dev0=/dev/sdr0,dev1=/dev/sdr1",
       },
       tx_gain: [51, 51, 51, 51],
       rx_gain: [52, 52],

All other cases, including ORS, remain without any change.

We currently have at least the following problem:

1. a malfored shared instance reference leads to instantiation failure and
   potential buildout code injection. For example if reference of shared
   instance contains space then buildout fails with something like

       zc.buildout.configparser.ParsingError: File contains parsing errors: .../instance-enb.cfg
           [line 45]: '[promise-testing partition 0.RU-sdr-busy]\n'

   since, when requesting, it is possible to use arbitrary characters for
   references, including newline, it also opens the door for code injection attacks.

2. we currently use `json` directive of slapos.recipe.template e.g. as

     extra-context =
         json iru_dict   {{ rulib.iru_dict   | tojson }}

   this also potentially leads to instantiation failure if JSON(rulib.iru_dict)
   contains buildout control characters.

Solve this problems.

For 1 we develop "buildout encoding" that encodes arbitrary string into form
that is safe to be used as a name of buildout section. This encoding never fails
and does not loose information, which means it is safe to be applied
unconditionanly and there is no chance for two string inputs to result in the
same encoded form. The encoding also has practical property that it leaves most
of the strings, that we use in our buildot profiles, intact. Which means that
the result of the encoding is readable and the encoding can be applied almost
unconditionally to all strings without hurting instantiation. Then this
encoding is applied wherever reference of a shared instance is used to form
e.g. name of buildout section or inside other codes. We apply this encoding
universally - in config files too to avoid breakage there - e.g. in enb.cfg to
protect from e.g. \n being inserted in the middle of comment resulting in YAML
breakage. See documentation of added xbuildout.py for details.

For 2 we switch from `json` to using `dumps` on an object and referring that
dumps result via `key` directive.

See the following links for preliminary discussions with Jérome and Vincent on
this topic:

kirr/slapos@d5d4f7c8
bf6b2ef3

As promised add tests for generic enb that exercise enb instantiation with
multiple Radio Units and cells in all kind of combinations:

   FDD|TDD x LTE|NR x SDR|Lopcomm|Sunwave

and not only one particular case, but verifying instantiation with many
combinations at the same time - verifying how cells of different kinds are
handled and how radio units of different kinds are handled too. Using multiple
cells on top of several radio units of the same type is verified too.

For Lopcomm we also exercise generated cu_config.xml a bit.

See added tests for details.

Enb/generic tests are bootstrapped now.

From now one every fix to enb/generic and every semantic change will go on only
if it is accompanied test change or enhancement.

software/ors-amarisoft: ru: amarisoft-stats.jinja2.py: Don't hardcode n_antenna_ul=2 on testing=True

This usually matches ORS expectations, but for testing generic enb it is
inappropriate and work work good, because in those tests there are more uplink
channels.

-> Fix the code to detect how many uplink channels are there automatically.

As promised in indicated TODO.

It is useful for debugging and for being able to take all the rendered files,
copy them to a callbox, and to be able to run lteenb directly on them.

Besides enb.cfg we need to also have those drb and asn23, because enb.cfg
references them.

Extend slapos-render-config to simulate not only what ORS does, but also
simulate multiple radio units and/or multiple cells with RU being SDR or
CPRI-based Lopcomm. It is useful as an example on how to configure things in
new "shared instances" MultiRU, and to verify handling of all those combinations.

software/ors-amarisoft: enb/generic: Switch configuration of RU, cell, peer and peercell to shared instances

Previously we had cell_list, ncell_list and peers parameters and we now remove
them and rework the software release to accept configuration for said objects
via shared instances. In other words now it is possible to add Radio Units,
cells, peers and peer cells on on top of main eNB service.

Schema for parameters of those shared instances is based on what we just recently
generalized and established in ru/ cell/ peer/ and peer/cell/ input schemas. We
only add cell_kind=enb|enb_peer addition field to be able to distinguish a cell
from peercell object, and we add a way for cell to reference RU one way or another.

RU-CELL relation is no longer 1-1: one RU can be generally serving multiple
cells. For example transmission bandwidth of SDR100 board is ~ 100MHz while
bandwidth of one LTE cell is max 20MHz. This way it is possible to put several
cells whose frequencies are nearby each other to be run on the same SDR
board(*). And in general one Radio Unit can be serving transmission/reception in
multiple frequency ranges, thus providing ability for multiple cells to be
served by RU. This way RU is split off from CELL object and each CELL needs to
say which RU object it wants to use.

There are 3 ways to configure CELL->RU links:

1. CELL references a RU object. This is the most general.
2. CELL embeds definition of RU object. This variant is provided for simplicity
   of management for users that do not want to split CELL/RU relations.
3. CELL2 references another cell object and says to use the same RU as CELL1.
   Again, this variant is provided for simplicity of management when users want to
   add a cell on top of same RU when they already started with "2".

Full backward compatibility is provided for ORS. For this instance-ors-enb.jinja2.cfg
is adjusted to inject synthetic RU/CELL/PEER/PEERCELL shared instances instead
of translating to slapparameter_dict. As the result for ORS users it works
without visible change as parameters with original ORS schema are handled as expected.

Rendered files for ORS also stay practically the same as before this patch.

The main change is in slaplte.jinja2 - in the loading routines. The other
changes are mostly straightforward adaptation because details of how ru_dict,
cell_dict, peer_dict and peercell_dict are loaded were already localized to
slaplte and the rest of the code independent from that.

Now, once we switched to shared instances, we will be finally able to add tests
for updated enb. Please see a soon follow-up patch for that.

And for existing test_ors.py we also temporary workaround breakage of tests,
because currently generic code does not handle well special characters in
partition references. For example it currently breaks on spaces with buildout
complaining that sections with spaces in their name are invalid. We will fix
that in another soon-followup patch as well, but apply a workaround for now.

(*) see https://tech-academy.amarisoft.com/SDR_MultiCell_OneSdr.html for details.

--------

Appendix. Diff for rendered ORS enb.cfg and gnb.cfg before and after this patch:

```
$ ./pythonwitheggs slapos-render-config.py && xdiff config/{old,out}
```

```diff
diff --git a/config/old/ors/enb/enb.cfg b/config/out/ors/enb/enb.cfg
index 15f3b68e9..6046d366e 100644
--- a/config/old/ors/enb/enb.cfg
+++ b/config/out/ors/enb/enb.cfg
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@

   // Radio Units
   rf_driver: {
-      // CELL-RU 2T2R  (sdr)
+      // RU 2T2R  (sdr)
       name: "sdr",
       args: "dev0=/dev/sdr0",
       rx_antenna:"tx_rx",
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@
   // LTE cells
   cell_list: [

-    // CELL  (CELL-RU)
+    // CELL  (RU)
     {
       rf_port:      0,
       n_antenna_dl: 2,
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@
         // Inter-ENB HO
         {
           rat:          "eutra",
-          cell_id:      0x12345,  // -> 1
+          cell_id:      0x12345,  // -> PEERCELL1
           n_id_cell:    35,
           dl_earfcn:    700,
           tac:          123,
diff --git a/config/old/ors/gnb/enb.cfg b/config/out/ors/gnb/enb.cfg
index ac564db6c..9473f3207 100644
--- a/config/old/ors/gnb/enb.cfg
+++ b/config/out/ors/gnb/enb.cfg
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@

   // Radio Units
   rf_driver: {
-      // CELL-RU 2T2R  (sdr)
+      // RU 2T2R  (sdr)
       name: "sdr",
       args: "dev0=/dev/sdr0",
       rx_antenna:"tx_rx",
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@
   // NR cells
   nr_cell_list: [

-      // CELL  (CELL-RU)
+      // CELL  (RU)
       {
         rf_port:      0,
         n_antenna_dl: 2,
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@
         // Inter-ENB HO
         {
           rat:          "nr",
-          nr_cell_id:   0x77712, // -> 1
+          nr_cell_id:   0x77712, // -> PEERCELL2
           gnb_id_bits:  22,
           n_id_cell:    75,
           dl_nr_arfcn:  520000,
```

We already have peer cells in the setup of generated enb/gnb, but there were no
X2/XN peers there. Add them to be able to see how handling of peers works.

Rendered files change as expected:

```
$ ./pythonwitheggs slapos-render-config.py && xdiff config/{old,out}
```

```diff
diff --git a/config/old/ors/enb/enb.cfg b/config/out/ors/enb/enb.cfg
index 252c2e379..15f3b68e9 100644
--- a/config/old/ors/enb/enb.cfg
+++ b/config/out/ors/enb/enb.cfg
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
     },
   ],
   gtp_addr: "127.0.1.1",
-  x2_peers: [],
+  x2_peers: ["44.1.1.1", "44.1.1.2"],
   enb_id: 0x1A2D0,

   // LTE cells
diff --git a/config/old/ors/gnb/enb.cfg b/config/out/ors/gnb/enb.cfg
index b401f3513..ac564db6c 100644
--- a/config/old/ors/gnb/enb.cfg
+++ b/config/out/ors/gnb/enb.cfg
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
     },
   ],
   gtp_addr: "127.0.1.1",
-  xn_peers: [],
+  xn_peers: ["55.1.1.1", "55.1.1.2"],
   gnb_id_bits: 28,
   gnb_id: 0x12345,
   en_dc_support: true,
```

The procedures to generate those are currently very similar, and that's why we
employ a shared `do` function to render them. But enb and ue rendering will
become different from each other in the next step.

-> Prepare to that by pushing necessary bits of do into do_enb and do_ue insides.

No change in rendered files.

software/ors-amarisoft: slapos-render-config: Retarget currently generated enb.cfg and gnb.cfg to out/ors/

Besides ORS we will soon add other cases to enb.cfg generation. It will be
handy to clearly see what is what and to keep ORS case to be also alive and distinguished.

Prepare to that by emitting generated enb.cfg and gnb.cfg to out/ors/enb/ and
out/ors/gnb instead of just out. Name the file itself enb.cfg always to match
what happens for real in the SR.

There is no change to generated files - it is only renaming:

```
$ ./pythonwitheggs slapos-render-config.py && xdiff config/{old,out}
```

```diff
diff --git a/config/old/enb.cfg b/config/out/ors/enb/enb.cfg
similarity index 100%
rename from config/old/enb.cfg
rename to config/out/ors/enb/enb.cfg
diff --git a/config/old/gnb.cfg b/config/out/ors/gnb/enb.cfg
similarity index 100%
rename from config/old/gnb.cfg
rename to config/out/ors/gnb/enb.cfg
```

In other words merge enb and gnb into sole enb that can handle both LTE and NR
cells at the same time and simultaneously.

Previously which type of Radio Access Technology to use - LTE or NR - was
static parameter of particular software - it was possible to instantiate cells
only with selected RAT for particular template.

In MultiRU it is possible to generally instantiate all kind of cells -
LTE/NR and TDD/FDD all at the same time and each served by a different kind of Radio Unit.

-> Switch cell type to be runtime parameter as the final step to be able to do that.

For generic cell definitions are now required to come with cell_type=lte|nr
parameter. In schemas cell_list now includes oneOf for lte|nr cell instead of
particular cell type. Similar adaption is done for ncell_list and
x2_peers/xn_peers are merged into just peers with similar oneOf.

Global gnb-specific parameters of went-away gnb are also added as global ones to enb:

  - gnb_id
  - gnb_id_bits
  - amf_list
  - plmn_list (as plmn_list_5g not to conflict with plmn_list)
  - nssai

They must be present if there are NR cells.

Full backward compatibility is preserved for ORS: now it injects cells to
generic with particular cell_type annotations and translates ORS-specific
x2_peers/xn_peers and gnb/plmn_list to proper generic parameters.

In ORS-gnb schema gnb_stats_fetch_period and gnb_drb_stats_enabled had to be
renamed to enb_stats_fetch_period and enb_drb_stats_enabled, but once again,
full backward compatibility is preserved because ORS mode already had the
following in its proxy:

    {#- backward compatibility: if ORS is running in gnb mode, and gnb_* parameters
        are present, replace their generic enb_* counterparts with gnb_* ones #}
    ...

The diff for rendered enb.cfg and gnb.cfg, that simulate ORS, before and after
hereby patch is also empty.

As with Radio Units and cells organize a registry of peer cells and start to handle
that registry generally everywhere. The registry is still populated with only
LTE cells on enb and only NR cells on gnb, but the only place that is aware of
that is registry loading routine.

In the old code defaults were noticed for tac to be 1 if not provided, and so
those defaults are pushed to live in ORS now. ORS schemas are also updated
because that defaults were not declared there.

Generic switches to use peer/cell/lte directly which means that now it accepts
e_cell_id instead of cell_id as the name for full E-UTRAN cell identity. Full
backward compatibility is provided for ORS which implements translation of its
original schema to the new generic one.

Tests will be added later as full tests for generic MultiRU.

Rendered enb.cfg and gnb.cfg change a bit, but the changes are mostly due to
reordering of fields. The only change with semantic value is

    -          ssb_nr_arfcn: ,
    +          ssb_nr_arfcn: 520090,

in gnb.cfg .

The old configuration was invalid anyway because if it is only

              ssb_nr_arfcn: ,

then enb does not start with the following error:

    # ../lteenb gnb.cfg
    gnb.cfg:119: unexpected token: ','

Like with many other handover-related fields
https://tech-academy.amarisoft.com/lteenb.doc#prop.ncell_list.ssb_nr_arfcn
documents that ssb_nr_arfcn "Must be present" for Inter-gNB HO case. The old
code was erroneously doing `ncell.get(name, '')` with yielding empty string in
case a parameter is missing, which is corrected here.

--------

Appendix. Diff for rendered enb.cfg and gnb.cfg before and after this patch:

```
$ ./pythonwitheggs slapos-render-config.py && xdiff -w config/{old,out}
```

```diff
diff --git a/config/old/enb.cfg b/config/out/enb.cfg
index 1a2c41b6b..252c2e379 100644
--- a/config/old/enb.cfg
+++ b/config/out/enb.cfg
@@ -46,9 +46,9 @@
         // Inter-ENB HO
         {
           rat:          "eutra",
+          cell_id:      0x12345,  // -> 1
           n_id_cell:    35,
           dl_earfcn:    700,
-          cell_id:      0x12345,
           tac:          123,
         },
       ],
diff --git a/config/old/gnb.cfg b/config/out/gnb.cfg
index 635c4baf2..b401f3513 100644
--- a/config/old/gnb.cfg
+++ b/config/out/gnb.cfg
@@ -58,14 +58,14 @@
         // Inter-ENB HO
         {
           rat:          "nr",
+          nr_cell_id:   0x77712, // -> 1
+          gnb_id_bits:  22,
+          n_id_cell:    75,
           dl_nr_arfcn:  520000,
-          ssb_nr_arfcn: ,
+          band:         38,
+          ssb_nr_arfcn: 520090,
           ul_nr_arfcn:  520000,
-          n_id_cell:    75,
-          gnb_id_bits:  22,
-          nr_cell_id:   0x77712,
           tac:          321,
-          band:         38,
           ssb_subcarrier_spacing: 30,
           ssb_period: 20,
           ssb_offset: 0,
```

Move schema of peer cells into under peer/cell/lte and peer/cell/nr with
keeping in mind that peer/cell will become a separate entity in MultiRU.

NR deduplication is straightforward, but for LTE original ncell_list used
`cell_id` name for full E-UTRAN cell identity. peer/cell/lte uses e_cell_id
name for that and content of that peer/cell/lte cannot be applied directly to
ORS's ncell_list and ncell_list in current enb/generic. To keep things working
we pickup peer/cell/lte field by field with mapping e_cell_id into cell_id. For
the reference for NR both original ncell_list and new peer/cell/nr use
nr_cell_id for full 5G cell identity.

Backward compatibility: nothing practically changes for ORS and generic.